英语中表示色调的基本词汇只有11个：White, Black, Grey, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Brown, Pink, Orange, Purple.
其中无彩色：黑，白，灰
中性色：棕
有彩色：红，黄，绿，蓝，橙，紫
不知道汉语有没有对应的研究？
“We have only 11 unambiguous colour terms in English:
White, Black, Grey, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Brown, Pink, Orange, Purple.”
~Berlin & Kaye Research 1969
Munsell:
Red, Yellow-Red (orange), Yellow, Green-Yellow, Green, Green-Blue, Blue, Purple-Blue, Purple, Red-Purple.
NCS:
Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, Black, White
来源：
Research on Colour Words
http://www.putlearningfirst.com/language/research/colour_words.html
来源：
http://thelandofcolor.com/11-basic-color-names/