黑校正：
又称为零校正、零校准。
执行零点校准以补偿由于光学系统的光斑特性而产生的杂散光的影响。由于光学系统中的灰尘、污渍等，耀斑特性可能会随时间而改变。
此外，零点校准还可以消除环境或内部温度变化引起的变化。
通过从光圈上取下保护帽或任何其他附件并，将光圈对准空气来执行校准，需要1m范围内没有物体遮挡，也没有光源对准光圈。也可以使用零点校准盒（黑桶或黑阱）
Zero calibration is performed to compensate for the effects of stray light owing to the flare characteristics of the optical system. Flare characteristics may change over time because of dust, stains, etc., in the optical system.
In addition, zero calibration may also eliminate variations resulting from changes in ambient or internal temperature.
The calibration is performed by removing the protective cap or any other attachment from the aperture and aiming the aperture into the air so that no objects are within 1 m and no light source is aimed at. A zero-calibration box can also be used。
白校正：
又称为白校准；白色校准可将最大反射率标定为100%。每次打开仪器或执行零点校准后，必须在进行测量白色校准物（白标准）。此外，环境或内部温度的变化可能会影响测量的准确性。因此，应定期进行白色校准，如果仪器24小时不间断地使用，则每几小时要进行一次。
白色校准建议在与出厂校准相同的条件下进行测量（SCE、SCI设置、环境温度等）。如在23°±1°C的温度下获标定的数据。为了获得最高精度，建议仪器应始终在此温度下运行。
不使用时，务必用保护帽盖住白标准，因为即使在正常房间光线下，光照也会使颜色发生变化。
校准标准可使用透镜清洗液进行清洗。使用前，用蘸有水的软布将表面擦拭干净并晾干。如果白色校准盖划伤或染色，则必须购买新标准。白标准需要在仪器年校正时候重新标定。
The white calibration sets the maximum reflectance to 100%. Each time the camera is switched on, or after a zero calibration has been performed, white calibration must be performed before measurements are taken. In addition, changes in ambient or internal temperature may affect the accuracy of the measurement. The white calibration should therefore be performed regularly, meaning every few hours if the instrument is used around the clock.
White calibration must be performed under the same conditions as the
measurements are taken (SCE setting, ambient temperature, etc.). The calibration data for the cap have been obtained at temperatures of 23° ± 1°C. For highest accuracy, the instrument should always be operated at this temperature.
Do not apply plastic wrap to the standard. Although this may make relative sense on the ship, such a calibration would not allow comparison with corresponding data obtained in other laboratories. Always cover the standard with a protective cap when not in use because the color may change, even in normal room light.
The calibration standard can be cleaned with lens-cleaning fluid. Wipe the surface clean with a soft cloth moistened with water and let dry before use. If the white calibration cap becomes scratched or stained, a new standard must be purchased.
参考：http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/tnotes/tn26/CHAP7.PDF